From the Orthodox Study Bible
1 Corinthians 4:9-16✠ This passage is read for the commemoration of apostles.
1 Corinthians 4:10Irony and sarcasm are bitter medicine, and Paul uses them here (vv. 8–13) with full force. The three parallel statements we are fools, we are weak, we are dishonored are heaped upon each other in a stinging series. The relative comfort of the Corinthian Christians is contrasted with the persecuted, poverty-stricken and uncertain life of the apostles (vv. 11–13; see Mk 6:4; 9:35; 10:31).
1 Corinthians 4:12The apostles have endured all kinds of humiliation, being treated as filth, and instead of fighting back have responded with love toward their persecutors—all for the joy of serving Christ and reconciling the world to God.
1 Corinthians 4:14-16Paul soothes the soreness of his rebuke by reminding them of his fatherhood (see the note on Mt 23:9, 10). As in a family, so in the Church, maturing children need parental guidance. The apostle to the Gentiles—thus to most Christians—writes imitate me because he imitates Christ (11:1).
Matthew 9:36Jesus does not condemn sinners, but sees them as lost sheep to be found and brought home. Compassion means “suffering with.” The illustration of sheep having no shepherd, drawn from the OT (Nm 27:17; 3Kg 22:17; Ezk 34:5), is an accusation against the Jewish leaders who, charged with the duty of shepherds, acted as wolves. [9:36; 10:1–8] ✠ This passage is read on June 30, the Synaxis of the Twelve Apostles.
Matthew 9:37The harvest suggests the abundance of those who are ready to accept the Kingdom. Jesus is both the Sower and the Lord of the harvest. His disciples are sent not to sow, but to reap what He had sown by the prophets (see note at Jn 4:36–38). How many are sent to harvest is less important than with what power they go into the harvest (10:1).
Matthew 10:1✠ This passage is read on days commemorating holy unmercenary healers. [10:1–4] Disciples (v. 1) and apostles (v. 2) are often used interchangeably for the twelve. Disciple means “learner,” and apostle means “one sent out.” Jesus gave them power to perform miracles, while He performed them by His own power. The names of the Twelve are not the same in all lists, as many people had more than one name. The names here are given in pairs, suggesting who may have traveled together on this “first missionary journey,” as Mark reports they were sent out two by two (Mk 6:7).
Matthew 10:5-10The disciples’ mission is like Christ’s: to preach (v. 7) and to heal (v. 8). Note that Jesus sends them only to the Jews. Christ’s earthly ministry was focused on the Jews (15:24) so that, after the Resurrection, the Jews could not blame the disciples for going “to uncircumcised men” (Acts 11:3). Jesus prepares them to be single-minded in their mission to preach and heal: (1) He reminds them that His power is free—a gift from God (v. 8); and (2) He instructs them to carry no money (v. 9) so that they could not be accused of greed, and so they would learn dependence on God.