From the Orthodox Study Bible
Philippians 3:2The Judaizers were teaching that Christians needed to submit themselves to the Law of Moses, especially emphasizing the rite of circumcision (v. 3). Paul boldly tags them with the name they gave to Gentiles—dogs (v. 2)—and compares their circumcision to the self-inflicted mutilation (v. 3) of some pagan cults. True Israel, the Church, does not rely on outward observance of the law. She is the mystical body of Christ Jesus, composed of those who worship God in the Spirit (v. 3).
Philippians 3:4-6Though Paul could boast concerning his ancestry, his circumcision, his keeping of the law (v. 5)—he is a more zealous Jew than they are—he knows this is not true righteousness.
Philippians 3:7-9True righteousness is the knowledge of Christ Jesus (v. 8). He is the “pearl of great price” and eternal life (Jn 17:3). A faith that obeys Christ is the very content and meaning of life, and it is for this that we suffer the loss of all things (v. 8) and deny ourselves. Everything about us must be subordinated to Christ and His Kingdom (see Mt 6:19–34; 24:36–25:46).
Luke 9:7-9This is the same Herod to whom Pilate would send Jesus during His trial (23:7). He is the son of the Herod who slew the innocent infants in Bethlehem (Mt 2:16). The incident of the beheading of St. John is found in Mk 6:14–28.
Luke 9:11-17Theophylact sees a liturgical parallel with the feeding of the five thousand. Here Christ first healed and spoke of the gospel, and then fed the multitude with the miraculous bread by the hands of His disciples. In the Church, a person is first healed through baptism; then at the Liturgy, the gospel is preached and the bread of life and the cup are received from the hands of the ordained clergy.